FOREX Press I. J. of Business & Management Research
Support Open Access

Research Article |

Factor Analysis: Dealing with Response Bias

Author(s) : Robert Goedegebuure1*, Manorama Adhikari2

Publisher : FOREX Publication

Published : 20 February 2023

e-ISSN :2347-4696

Page(s) : 25-33




Robert Goedegebuure*, Professor and Research Director at Swiss School of Management Research Center; Email: robert.goedegebuure@ssmresearch.com

Manorama Adhikari , Deputy Chief of Party in Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Project of USAID in Nepal

[1] Baron, H. (1996). Strengths and limitations of ipsative measurement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69, 49-56.

[2] Bowen, C.-C., Martin, B. A., & Hunt, S. T. (2002). A comparison of ipsative and normative approaches for ability to control faking in personality questionnaires. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 10, 240-259.

[3] Cerny, C.A., & Kaiser, H.F. (1977). A study of a measure of sampling adequacy for factor-analytic correlation matrices. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 12(1), 43-47.

[4] Chan, W. & Bentler, P. M. (1993). Covariance structure analysis of ipsative data. Sociological Method and Research, 22, 214-247.Closs, S. J. (1996). On the factoring and interpretation of ipsative data. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69, 41-47 .        [Cross Ref]

[5] Closs, S.J. (1976). Ipsative vs. Normative Interpretation of Interest Test Scores or “What Do You Mean by Like”. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 28, 289-299

[6] Closs, S.J. (1996). On the Factoring and Interpretation of Ipsative Data. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69, 41-47

[7] Chan, W. (2003). Analyzing ipsative data in psychological research. Behaviormetrika, Vol. 30, No. 1, 99-121 [Cross Ref]

[8] Cornwell, J.M. & Dunlap, W.P. (1994). On the Questionable soundness of Factoring Ipsative Data: A Response to Saville & Wilson. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 67, 89-100 [Cross Ref]

[9] Cunningham, W.H., Cunningham, I.C. M. & Green R.T. (1977). The Ipsative Process to Reduce Response Set Bias, The Public Opinion Quarterly. Vol. 41, No. 3 (Autumn), 379-384 [Cross Ref]

[10] Davis, T.M. & Chissom, B. (1981). Factor Analysis (R-Technique) of Ipsatized Data May Be Misleading, Psychological Reports. Vol 49, Issue 2

[11] De Waal, A.A. (2007), The Characteristics of a High Performance Organization. Business Strategy Series, August

[12] De Waal, A.A., Duong, H. & Ton V. (2009), High Performance in Vietnam: The Case of the Vietnamese Banking Industry, Journal of Transnational Management, 14, 179–201 [Cross Ref]

[13] De Waal, A.A. (2010), Achieving high performance in the public sector. What needs to be done? Public Performance & Management Review, 34, 1, 81–103

[14] De Waal, A.A. & Akaraborworn, C.T. (2013). Is the high performance organization framework suitable for Thai organizations?, Measuring Business Excellence, Vol. 17 Issue: 4, 76-87

[15] De Waal, A.A.(2012). What Makes a High Performance Organization: Five Factors of Competitive Advantage that Apply Worldwide 2nd Edition. HPO Center

[16] Van Eijnatten, F.M., Van der Ark, L.A. & Holloway, S.S. (2015). Ipsative Measurement and the Analysis of Organizational Values: an Alternative for Data Analysis. Qual Quant, 49, 559-579

[17] Field, A., Miles, J. & Field, Z. (2012). Discovering Statistics Using R. Sage Publications. [Cross Ref]

[18] Goedegebuure, R.V. (2018). Sampling items from lengthy scales using Item Response Theory (IRT); The case of the High-Performance Organizations (HPO) Scale. StatMind Working Paper Series 2018:01. Retrievable from http://statmind.org/Publications/ (last accessed 18 February 2018) [Cross Ref]

[19] Gordon, L. V. (1951). Validities of the forced-choice and questionnaire methods of personality measurement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 35, 407-412. [Cross Ref]

[20] Hayton, J.C., Allen, D.G. & Scarpello, V. (2004). Factor Retention Decisions in Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Tutorial on Parallel Analysis. Organizational Research Methods, Vol. 7 No. 2, April 2004 191-205 [Cross Ref]

[21] Hicks, L.E. (1970). Some properties of ipsative, normative, and forced-choice normative measures. Psychological Bulletin, 74, 167-184 [Cross Ref]

[22] Hofstee, W.K.B., Ten Berge, J.M.F. & Hendriks, A.A.J. (1998). How to score questionnaires? Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 897-909 [Cross Ref]

[23] Hooper, D., Coughlan, J. & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, Volume 6, Issue 1, 53 – 60 [Cross Ref]

[24] Johnson, C. E., Wood R. & Blinkhorn, S. F. (1988). Spuriouser and spuriouser: the use of ipsative personality tests. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 61, 153-162. [Cross Ref]

[25] Ledesma, R.D. & Valero-Mora, P. (2007). Determining the Number of Factors to Retain in EFA: an easy-to-use computer program for carrying out Parallel Analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, Volume 12, Number 2, February [Cross Ref]

[26] Matsunaga, M. (2010). How to Factor-Analyze Your Data Right: Do’s, Don’ts and How-to’s. International Journal of Psychological Research, 3(1), 97-110 [Cross Ref]

[27] Moeller J. (2015). A word on standardization in longitudinal studies: don't. Frontiers in Psychology 6. [Cross Ref]

[28] Moskowitz, D.S. (2005). Unfolding Interpersonal Behavior. Journal of Personality 73:6, December 2005 [Cross Ref]

[29] Saville, P. & Willson, E. (1991). The reliability and validity of normative and ipsative approaches in the measurement of personality. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 64, 219-238. [Cross Ref]

Robert Goedegebuure and Manorama Adhikari (2023), Factor Analysis: Dealing with Response Bias. IJBMR 11(1), 25-33. DOI: 10.37391/IJBMR.110103.